Where APK comes from
The format shipped with Android 1.0 in 2008, reusing the JAR signing scheme Java already had. Google replaced that with APK Signature Scheme v2 in Android 7.0 to sign the whole file rather than each entry, added v3 key rotation in Android 9, and introduced Android App Bundles in 2018 so the Play Store generates device-specific packages instead of one universal file.